Yama is the first of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga, as described by the sage Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras. It is the foundation of the entire practice — a set of ethical principles that guide how we relate to the world around us and to other beings.
Before the postures, before the breath, before meditation — there is Yama. Yoga begins long before you step on the mat.
The word "Yama" means restraint or discipline in Sanskrit. But don't be misled by the word restraint — these are not restrictions. They are invitations to live with greater integrity, compassion and awareness.
The five Yamas:
1. Ahimsa — Non-violence
The most fundamental of all the Yamas. Ahimsa means causing no harm — in thought, word or action — to any living being, including yourself. It is the practice of radical compassion.
2. Satya — Truthfulness
Living and speaking in alignment with truth. Satya asks us to be honest — with others and, perhaps most importantly, with ourselves.
3. Asteya — Non-stealing
More than not taking what isn't ours, Asteya is about releasing the feeling that we lack something. It is the practice of abundance and trust.
4. Brahmacharya — Right use of energy
Traditionally associated with celibacy, in modern practice Brahmacharya means using our energy wisely — not depleting ourselves in pursuits that take us away from our deeper purpose.
5. Aparigraha — Non-attachment
The practice of letting go. Not clinging to things, people, outcomes or identities. Aparigraha invites us to hold life lightly.
These five principles are not rules imposed from the outside. They are inner practices — seeds we plant daily through our choices, our words and our actions.
In a world that moves fast and demands much, the Yamas are a gentle reminder to pause and ask: Am I acting from fear or from love? Am I taking or giving? Am I speaking truth?
The mat is where we practice. Life is where we apply it.
This is the second article in the series on the 8 Limbs of Ashtanga Yoga. Next up: Niyama — the personal disciplines. 🙏